ST28

Shuidao

Star

水道 (Shuǐdào) — Water Passage

Stomach channel · point 28

Not yet clinically reviewed

Traditionally used for

Digestion
Urinary & fluids
Menstrual & women's health
Fertility & vitality

Cautions & contraindications

Pregnancy

Location

On the lower abdomen, 3 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.

How to locate: Measure 3 cun below the umbilicus, or 2 cun above the upper border of the pubic symphysis, then 2 cun lateral, level with CV4 and KI13.

Distances are in cun, a proportional unit — how to measure.

Body map, front: ST28 · Lower abdomen — Fig. — ST28 · Lower abdomen After Albinus, 1747

The abdominal regions — Gray's Anatomy plate — The abdominal regions Gray's Anatomy, 1918

3D view

3D view not available for this point: its position on the 3D model couldn't be checked against its location text, so it is not shown. The 2D maps above show it.

Needling

Cited needling

Perpendicular insertion

Depth 1–1.5 cun

skindeeper

Depths describe average adult habitus in the cited population, never a single safe number for the patient in front of you. Palpate and adjust.

Sources (1)

Deadman P, Al-Khafaji M, Baker K. A Manual of Acupuncture. Hove: Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications; 1998 — p. 150 Supports: techniques (names this point)

Site notes · not cited

Pregnancy

Depth: 0.8–1.2 cun

Angle: Perpendicular

⚠ Cautions: Empty the bladder before needling; use caution in pregnancy.

Functions

Opens the water passages and promotes urination
Clears damp-heat and resolves stagnation in the lower burner
Regulates the uterus

Indications

Difficult urination and oedemalower abdominal distensiondysmenorrhoea and infertilityretention of urine

Similar Points

Ranked by shared patterns and conditions

Fuliu how are these connected? Mingmen how are these connected? Sanjiaoshu how are these connected? Shenshu how are these connected? Shuifen how are these connected? Yinlingquan how are these connected?

Sources

World Health Organization. WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region. Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. (Location.)
Focks C, ed. Atlas of Acupuncture. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2008. (Locating method and actions.)

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