Syzygium buxifolium

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Syzygium buxifolium

Family: Myrtaceae Genus: Syzygium Species: buxifolium

Synonyms: Eugenia sinensis, Eugenia pyxophylla, Syllysium buxifolium, Syzygium buxifolium var. verticillatum, Eugenia somae, Syzygium somae

boxleaf eugeniafish-scale bush
Syzygium buxifolium

Western Herbalism Properties

Actions:
diuretic

Traditional Uses

In southern China, Syzygium buxifolium is used in folk and traditional Chinese medicine. The roots are used to relieve asthma, strengthen the spleen, drain dampness and promote diuresis, and to disperse blood stasis, swellings and abscesses, while the leaves are used to treat burns, scalds and traumatic swelling and pain (Chinese folk medicine; Syzygium genus review, 2022). The documented diuretic action is reflected in the western property assigned.

Botanical Description

Syzygium buxifolium (boxleaf eugenia, 赤楠) is an evergreen shrub or small tree of the Myrtaceae, native to southern China (including Hainan and Taiwan), northern Vietnam, the Ryukyu Islands and southern Japan. It has slender, much-branched stems and small, leathery, opposite, box-like obovate to elliptic leaves that are glossy dark green above. Small white flowers with numerous stamens are borne in short terminal or axillary cymes, followed by small, rounded, fleshy berries that ripen blue-black to purple. It is a plant of hill slopes, thickets and open forest, tolerant of poor soils, and is also valued as a bonsai and ornamental subject for its dense, fine foliage.

Native Region: China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Japan, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Vietnam

Active Constituents

Friedelin

Pentacyclic triterpenoid (friedelane)

Concentration: Isolated from stem and root

A triterpenoid ketone reported with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity in the wider literature; one of the crystalline substances isolated from the stem and root of the species.

Ursolic acid

Pentacyclic triterpenoid (ursane)

Concentration: Isolated from stem and root

A widely distributed triterpenoid with documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antiproliferative activity that contributes to the plant's overall bioactivity.

Oleanolic acid

Pentacyclic triterpenoid (oleanane)

Concentration: Isolated from stem and root

An isomer of ursolic acid with hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties commonly found across the Myrtaceae.

Pomolic acid

Pentacyclic triterpenoid

Concentration: Isolated from stem and root

An ursane-type triterpenoid acid reported with anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic (antitumour) activity in phytochemical studies.

beta-Sitosterol

Phytosterol

Concentration: Isolated from stem and root

A common plant sterol with cholesterol-lowering and mild anti-inflammatory activity; frequently co-isolated as its glucoside (beta-daucosterol).

beta-Daucosterol (sitosterol beta-D-glucoside)

Steryl glycoside

Concentration: Isolated from stem and root

The glucoside of beta-sitosterol, a ubiquitous constituent used partly as a phytochemical marker; contributes to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profile of the extract.

Preparation Methods

Root or stem decoction (folk use)

Parts: Root, Stem, Bark

In southern Chinese folk medicine the root and stem are decocted in water and taken for conditions traditionally framed as 'clearing heat', and for diarrhoea, rheumatic and inflammatory complaints. Documented medicinal use is limited and mostly ethnobotanical; use only under qualified guidance.

Leaf decoction / wash

Parts: Leaves

A decoction of the small leathery leaves is used topically as a wash for skin sores and swellings in regional folk practice. Little formal safety data exist, so patch-test and use conservatively.

References

  1. Zhang WD, Kong DY, Li HT, et al.. Chemical constituents of the stem and root of Syzygium buxifolium Hook. et Arn. . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi (China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica) (2001) [DOI]
  2. Uddin ABMN, Hossain F, Reza ASMA, Nasrin MS, Alam AHMK. Traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemical constituents of the genus Syzygium: A review . Food Science & Nutrition (2022) [DOI]

This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any herbal remedy, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medications.

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