Kowhai
StarSophora microphylla
Synonyms: Edwardsia microphylla, Sophora tetraptera var. microphylla, Edwardsia grandiflora var. microphylla
Western Herbalism Properties
Traditional Uses
In traditional Māori medicine (rongoā), bark of kōwhai was prepared as infusions and warmed poultices applied externally for wounds, sprains, bruises and skin conditions such as ringworm, and bark preparations were also used for aches and pains (Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand; Tāne's Tree Trust). All parts are toxic, containing cytisine, and internal use was hazardous.
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Botanical Description
Sophora microphylla, known by its Māori name kōwhai, is a small evergreen to semi-deciduous tree in the legume family (Fabaceae) endemic to New Zealand, where it is one of the most recognisable native flowering trees. It typically reaches 8 to 10 metres in height and passes through a distinctive divaricating juvenile stage with interlacing, zig-zag branches before developing a more upright adult form. The pinnate leaves are made up of many small, paired leaflets, giving the foliage a fine, feathery texture. In spring the tree produces hanging clusters of large, tubular, bright golden-yellow flowers that are a major nectar source for native birds such as the tūī and bellbird. The fruit is a distinctive beaded, woody pod constricted between the seeds, containing hard yellow seeds. All parts of the plant contain toxic quinolizidine alkaloids, notably cytisine, and are poisonous if ingested. Kōwhai is widely planted as an ornamental and is regarded as an unofficial national flower of New Zealand.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any herbal remedy, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medications.
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