Greenspot nightshade
Solanum douglasii
Synonyms: Solanum extusviolascens, Solanum arizonicum, Solanum nigrum var. douglasii, Solanum umbelliferum var. trachycladum, Solanum profundeincisum
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Botanical Description
Solanum douglasii, the greenspot or Douglas's nightshade, is a perennial herb or subshrub of the nightshade family (Solanaceae) reaching up to about 2 meters in height, with stems clothed in short white hairs. Leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, up to 9 centimeters long, with smooth or shallowly toothed margins and slender petioles. The flowers are arranged in small umbrella-shaped cymes; each star-shaped corolla is up to about 1 centimeter wide, white, and characteristically marked with green or yellow-green spots at the bases of the five recurved lobes - the feature that gives the plant its common name. Bright yellow anthers form a central cone, and flowering occurs through most of the year. The fruit is a spherical berry up to 1 centimeter in diameter that ripens from green to glossy black. The species is native to scrub, chaparral, and open woodland of the southwestern and south-central United States and northern Mexico, including California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, and Baja California.
Cultural & Historical Context
Traditional American Uses
The Cahuilla of southern California used the juice of the black berries as an eyewash, both to improve failing vision in elderly people and to treat sore, inflamed, or infected eyes such as conjunctivitis ("pink eye") and eye strain (Bean and Saubel, 1972). They also recognised the whole plant as poisonous and used the dark berries as a dye. The neighbouring Luiseno similarly applied berry juice to inflamed eyes and additionally employed it for tattooing, and they cooked the leaves as a green (Sparkman, 1908).
Chemistry & External Identifiers
Important Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any herbal remedy, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medications.