Water-crowfoot
Ranunculus aquatilis
Synonyms: Ranunculus rigidus, Ranunculus diversifolius, Ranunculus aquatilis var. triphyllus, Batrachium aquatile, Ranunculus aquatilis var. radiatus, Ranunculus commutatus, Ranunculus carinatus, Ranunculus aquatilis var. terrestris, Batrachium argutum, Ranunculus aquatilis var. quinquelobus, Ranunculus aquatilis subvar. submersus, Batrachium heterophyllum f. subdissectum, Ranunculus trichophyllus subsp. godronii, Ranunculus aquatilis var. circinnatus, Ranunculus aquatilis var. macranthus, Batrachium saganense, Ranunculus peltatus, Batrachium capillaceum, Batrachium aquatile var. capillaceum, Batrachium paucistamineum f. godronii, Ranunculus fistulosus, Ranunculus divaricatus subsp. circinatoides, Ranunculus radians, Ranunculus trichophyllus subsp. capillaceus, Ranunculus aquatilis var. submersus, Batrachium aquatile var. radicans, Ranunculus aquatilis f. rigidus, Ranunculus submersus, Ranunculus aquatilis subvar. terrestris, Ranunculus triphyllus, Batrachium gilibertii, Ranunculus pantothrix var. capillaceus, Ranunculus aquatilis subsp. abrotanifolius, Ranunculus feniculaceus, Ranunculus aquatilis var. peltatus, Ranunculus aquatilis var. cespitosus, Ranunculus capillaris, Ranunculus beckii, Batrachium paucistamineum f. radians, Ranunculus lacustris, Batrachium carinatum, Ranunculus aquatilis var. longifolius, Batrachium aquatile subsp. radians, Ranunculus peltatus var. heterophyllus, Ranunculus hypotrichus, Ranunculus capillaceus, Batrachium aquatile var. heterophyllum, Batrachium triphyllum, Ranunculus aquatilis var. arcticus, Ranunculus aquatilis f. verus, Ranunculus aquatilis subsp. diversifolius, Ranunculus hederaceus var. hederifolius, Ranunculus grayanus, Batrachium diversifolium, Ranunculus aquatilis var. hederaceus, Ranunculus gmelinii, Ranunculus aquatilis subsp. radians, Ranunculus lejospermus, Batrachium godronii, Ranunculus bauhini, Batrachium friesii, Ranunculus trichophyllus var. radians, Ranunculus hydrocharis, Ranunculus paui, Batrachium aquatile var. submersus, Ranunculus aquatilis f. lejospermus, Ranunculus hydrocharis var. capillaceus, Batrachium paucistamineum f. diversifolium, Ranunculus aquatilis var. capillaceus, Ranunculus aquatilis var. abrotanifolius, Ranunculus aquatilis var. saganensis, Ranunculus tripartitus, Ranunculus pectinatus, Ranunculus aquatilis subsp. heterophyllus, Batrachium mongolicum var. suberadicatum, Ranunculus hydrocharis f. hederifolius, Batrachium luteolum, Ranunculus aquatilis var. fissifolius, Ranunculus trichophyllus var. capillaceus, Batrachium heterophyllum f. rotundifolium, Ranunculus aquaticus, Ranunculus aquatilis subvar. fluitans, Ranunculus aquatilis var. succulentus, Ranunculus godronii, Batrachium circinatoides, Ranunculus peltatus f. subdissectus, Ranunculus aquatilis var. heterophyllus, Ranunculus aquatilis var. micranthus, Ranunculus trichophyllus subsp. radians, Batrachium paucistamineum f. tripartitum, Ranunculus elongatus, Batrachium peltatum, Batrachium heterophyllum, Ranunculus heterophyllus, Batrachium heterophyllum var. peltatum
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Botanical Description
Ranunculus aquatilis, the common water-crowfoot, is an aquatic perennial herb of the Ranunculaceae family found in still and slow-flowing fresh waters across Europe, North Africa, and much of North America. The plant exhibits a striking leaf dimorphism: submerged leaves are finely dissected into thread-like segments that collapse out of water, while floating leaves, when present, are broader, three- to five-lobed, and shaped to lie flat on the surface. From late spring through summer, white five-petalled flowers about a centimetre across are raised on slender stalks just above the water, each petal bearing a yellow nectary at the base. The fruit is a head of small, hairy achenes. Fresh tissues contain the acrid lactone protoanemonin and are toxic to livestock and humans.
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